NPW Scientific Studies
International Overview on Clinical & Scientific Studies on Nordic Pole Walking General Studies
1. NPW engages more than 90% of Body Muscles
2. NPW versus walking without poles:
1.1. Influence on Coronary Diseases and Peripheral Vascular Diseases
2.1. Diminishing Neck- and Shoulder Tension/Pain
3.1. Effects of nordic walking and exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
3.4. Physiological responses to nordic walking, walking and jogging.
4.1. NPW and Depression
5.1. Nordic Walking improves daily physical activities in COPD: a randomized controlled trial.
6.1 Effects of Walking Poles on Shoulder Function in Breast Cancer Survivors
7.1. Physical activity in pregnancy and in breast-feeding period in obese mothers
8.1. Nordic walking: a new form of physical activity in the elderly
2. NPW versus walking without poles:
- Percentage of Body Muscles involved - 90% more
- Calorie Burning Rate per hour - 20-45% more
- Bachfischer K. MMW Fortschr Med. 2005 Jul 21;147(29-30):19. Germany
- Kleindienst FI, Michel KJ, Schwarz J, Krabbe B.
- Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2006 Mar;20(1):25-30. German. PMID: 16544213
- ML Keast, R Reid, M Slovinec-D’Angelo, L McDonnell Minto Prevention & Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa, 2010
1.1. Influence on Coronary Diseases and Peripheral Vascular Diseases
- (Walter et.al.,1996; Stroughton, Larkin, Karawan, 1992 Parkatti et.al.,2003; Koskinen et.al.,2003 and other)
- (Ishikawa et. al.,1999. C. Diehm, 2007)
2.1. Diminishing Neck- and Shoulder Tension/Pain
- (Anttila et al., 1999)
- (Mayo Clinic, 2008), Wilson, 2001), Young-Hoo Kwon, 2008)
- (Willson et al.,2001; Young-Hoo Kwon, Lori R. Bolt, and Jackun Shi Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA, 2008)
- (C. Oakleya , I. Zwiersk, G. Tew, J.D. Beard and J.M. Saxton, 2008. University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK Sheffield Vascular Institute, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK)
- (Koskinen et al., 2003)
- (Koskinen et al., 2003)
- (Parkatti et al.,2002)
- Simic M, Hinman RS, Wrigley TV, Bennell KL, Hunt MA.
- Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010 Oct 27.
- Mannerkorpi K, Nordeman L, Cider A, Jonsson G.,Arthritis Res Ther. 2010 Oct 13;12(5):R189
- Hartvigsen J, Mors¸ L, Bendix T, Manniche , BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Feb 10;11:30.PMID: 20146793
- Stief F, Kleindienst FI, Wiemeyer J, Wedel F, Campe S, Krabbe B.
- J Appl Biomech. 2008 Nov;24(4):351-9.PMID: 19075304
- Wendlova J. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2008;109(4):171-6.PMID: 18814434
- Mors¸ L, Hartvigsen J, Puggaard L, Manniche C.
- BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Oct 2;7:77.PMID: 17014731
3.1. Effects of nordic walking and exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
- Gram B, Christensen R, Christiansen C, Gram J. .Clin J Sport Med. 2010 Sep;20(5):355-61
- (Nischwitz et.al. Medical University Munich, 2006; Clinic Bad Wiessee,2006)
3.4. Physiological responses to nordic walking, walking and jogging.
- Schiffer T, Knicker A, Hoffman U, Harwig B, Hollmann W, Struder HK.
- Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Sep;98(1):56-61. Epub 2006 Jun 24.PMID: 16799817
- Hansen EA, Smith G J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jul;23(4):1187-94.PMID: 19528847
- Gram B, Christensen R, Christiansen C, Gram J.
- Clin J Sport Med. 2010 Sep;20(5):355-61
- (Heikkila et al., 2004)
- Jurimae T, Meema K, Karelson K, Purge P, Jurimae J.
- Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2009 Sep;29(5):330-4. Epub 2009 May 14.PMID: 19469785.
- Hagner W, Hagner-Derengowska M, Wiacek M, Zubrzycki IZ.
- Menopause. 2009 Sep-Oct;16(5):1009-13.PMID: 19339904
- Schiffer T, Knicker A, Dannl R, Struder HK.
- Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Mar;41(3):663-8.PMID: 19204583
- Church TS, Earnest CP, Morss GM. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2002 Sep;73(3):296-300.PMID: 12230336
4.1. NPW and Depression
- (C. Willemer, K. Krüger, F.C. Mooren, K. Volker, S. Knecht and A. Floel, University of Muenster,Germany, 2008
- Ebersbach G, Ebersbach A, Edler D, Kaufhold O, Kusch M, Kupsch A, Wissel J.
- Mov Disord. 2010 Sep 15;25(12):1902-8.PMID: 20669294
- van Eijkeren FJ, Reijmers RS, Kleinveld MJ, Minten A, Bruggen JP, Bloem BR.
- Mov Disord. 2008 Nov 15;23(15):2239-43.PMID: 18816697
- Suija K, Pechter U, Kalda R, T hepµld H, Maaroos J, Maaroos HI.
- Int J Rehabil Res. 2009 Jun;32(2):132-8.PMID: 19065108
- Strombeck BE, Theander E, Jacobsson LT.
- Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 May;46(5):868-71. Epub 2007 Feb 17.PMID: 17308315
- Figard-Fabre H, Fabre N, Leonardi A, Schena F.
- Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Apr;108(6):1141-51. Epub 2009 Dec 20
5.1. Nordic Walking improves daily physical activities in COPD: a randomized controlled trial.
- Breyer MK, Breyer-Kohansal R, Funk GC, Dornhofer N, Spruit MA, Wouters EF, Burghuber OC, Hartl S.
- Respir Res. 2010 Aug 22;11:112.PMID: 20727209
- (Pocari et al, 1997. Morss et al, 2001. Jordan, 2001)
6.1 Effects of Walking Poles on Shoulder Function in Breast Cancer Survivors
- (L. K. Sprod, S.N. Drum, A.T. Bentz, S.D. Carter, C.M. Schneider University of Northern Colorado, Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, Greeley, Colorado, 2005)
- Kocur P, Deskur-Smielecka E, Wilk M, Dylewicz P.
- Clin Rehabil. 2009 Nov;23(11):995-1004. Epub 2009 Sep 28
- Bachfischer K, Modersohn-Meyer G, Niederhuber H, Schluter J.
- MMW Fortschr Med. 2005 Sep 22;147(38):16, 18. German.
- Allet L, Leemann B, Guyen E, Murphy L, Monnin D, Herrmann FR, Schnider A.
- Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Aug;90(8)
- Banerjee M, Bouillon B, Banerjee C, Bathis H, Lefering R, Nardini M, Schmidt J.
- Am J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;38(6):1229-36. Epub 2010 Mar 11.PMID
- Heinz M. Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2003 Jun;17(2):55. German.
7.1. Physical activity in pregnancy and in breast-feeding period in obese mothers
- Korsten-Reck U. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2010 Jun;214(3):95-102. Epub 2010 Jun 23. German
8.1. Nordic walking: a new form of physical activity in the elderly
- Turk Z, Vidensek S, Micetic Turk D.
- Acta Med Croatica. 2007;61 Suppl 1:33-6. Croatian. PMID: 18949923
- Karinkanta S, Heinonen A, Sievanen H, Uusi-Rasi K, Kannus P.
- Gerontology. 2005 Mar-Apr;51(2):116-21.PMID: 15711078
- (Parkatti et al., 2002)