NPW Scientific Studies

International Overview on Clinical & Scientific Studies on Nordic Pole Walking General Studies
1. NPW engages more than 90% of Body Muscles
2. NPW versus walking without poles:

  • Percentage of Body Muscles involved - 90% more
  • Calorie Burning Rate per hour - 20-45% more
3. Nordic Walking — “Whole body sport”. Interview by Dr. Henrike Ottenjahn

  • Bachfischer K. MMW Fortschr Med. 2005 Jul 21;147(29-30):19. Germany
4. Comparison of kinematic and kinetic parameters between the locomotion patterns in Nordic walking, walking and running
  • Kleindienst FI, Michel KJ, Schwarz J, Krabbe B.
  • Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2006 Mar;20(1):25-30. German. PMID: 16544213
5. Effects of Nordic Pole Walking on Functional Capacity in Patients with Moderate to Severe Heart Failure
  • ML Keast, R Reid, M Slovinec-D’Angelo, L McDonnell Minto Prevention & Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa, 2010
1. Cardiovascular System
1.1. Influence on Coronary Diseases and Peripheral Vascular Diseases
  • (Walter et.al.,1996; Stroughton, Larkin, Karawan, 1992 Parkatti et.al.,2003; Koskinen et.al.,2003 and other)
1.2. Influence on High Blood Pressure: How NPW decreases High Blood Pressure
  • (Ishikawa et. al.,1999. C. Diehm, 2007)
2. Musculoskeletal System
2.1. Diminishing Neck- and Shoulder Tension/Pain
  • (Anttila et al., 1999)
2.2. Chronic Joint Problems, Load Reduction on Lower Back, Hips and Knees
  • (Mayo Clinic, 2008), Wilson, 2001), Young-Hoo Kwon, 2008)
2.3. Less Impact on Joints: Mechanics of Pole Walking in subject with Chronic Knee Problem
  • (Willson et al.,2001; Young-Hoo Kwon, Lori R. Bolt, and Jackun Shi Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA, 2008)
2.4. Nordic Poles immediate improve Walking Distance in Patients with Intermitted Claudication
  • (C. Oakleya , I. Zwiersk, G. Tew, J.D. Beard and J.M. Saxton, 2008. University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK Sheffield Vascular Institute, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK)
2.5. Posture Enhancement & Segmental Stability
  • (Koskinen et al., 2003)
2.6. Lower Trunk and Posture Control
  • (Koskinen et al., 2003)
2.7. Functional Benefits
  • (Parkatti et al.,2002)
2.8. Gait modification strategies for altering medial knee joint load: A systematic review.
  • Simic M, Hinman RS, Wrigley TV, Bennell KL, Hunt MA.
  • Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010 Oct 27.
2.9. Does moderate-to-high intensity Nordic walking improve functional capacity and pain in fibromyalgia? A prospective randomized controlled trial.
  • Mannerkorpi K, Nordeman L, Cider A, Jonsson G.,Arthritis Res Ther. 2010 Oct 13;12(5):R189
2.10. Supervised and non-supervised Nordic walking in the treatment of chronic low–back pain: a single blind randomized clinical trial.
  • Hartvigsen J, Mors¸ L, Bendix T, Manniche , BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Feb 10;11:30.PMID: 20146793
2.11. Inverse dynamic analysis of the lower extremities during Nordic Walking, Walking, and Running.
  • Stief F, Kleindienst FI, Wiemeyer J, Wedel F, Campe S, Krabbe B.
  • J Appl Biomech. 2008 Nov;24(4):351-9.PMID: 19075304
2.12. Nordic walking–is it suitable for patients with fractured vertebra?
  • Wendlova J. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2008;109(4):171-6.PMID: 18814434
2.13. Nordic walking and chronic low back pain: design of a randomized clinical trial.
  • Mors¸ L, Hartvigsen J, Puggaard L, Manniche C.
  • BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Oct 2;7:77.PMID: 17014731
3. Effect on Metabolism
3.1. Effects of nordic walking and exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
  • Gram B, Christensen R, Christiansen C, Gram J. .Clin J Sport Med. 2010 Sep;20(5):355-61
3.2. Most effective for Diabetes: Influence of NPW on Medication with Patients suffering Diabetes Type 2
  • (Nischwitz et.al. Medical University Munich, 2006; Clinic Bad Wiessee,2006)
3.3. Physical Activity and Diabetes Type 2 (Siegmund,T., Clinicum Munich, Clinicum Bogenhausen, 2009)
3.4. Physiological responses to nordic walking, walking and jogging.
  • Schiffer T, Knicker A, Hoffman U, Harwig B, Hollmann W, Struder HK.
  • Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Sep;98(1):56-61. Epub 2006 Jun 24.PMID: 16799817
3.5. Energy expenditure and comfort during Nordic walking with different pole lengths.
  • Hansen EA, Smith G J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jul;23(4):1187-94.PMID: 19528847
3.6. Effects of Nordic Walking and exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

  • Gram B, Christensen R, Christiansen C, Gram J.
  • Clin J Sport Med. 2010 Sep;20(5):355-61
3.7. Weight Loss through Nordic Pole Walking
  • (Heikkila et al., 2004)
3.8. Intensity of Nordic Walking in young females with different peak O2 consumption.
  • Jurimae T, Meema K, Karelson K, Purge P, Jurimae J.
  • Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2009 Sep;29(5):330-4. Epub 2009 May 14.PMID: 19469785.
3.9. Changes in level of VO2max, blood lipids, and waist circumference in the response to moderate endurance training as a function of ovarian aging.

  • Hagner W, Hagner-Derengowska M, Wiacek M, Zubrzycki IZ.
  • Menopause. 2009 Sep-Oct;16(5):1009-13.PMID: 19339904
3.10. Energy cost and pole forces during Nordic walking under different surface conditions.
  • Schiffer T, Knicker A, Dannl R, Struder HK.
  • Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Mar;41(3):663-8.PMID: 19204583
3.11. Field testing of physiological responses associated with Nordic Walking.
  • Church TS, Earnest CP, Morss GM. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2002 Sep;73(3):296-300.PMID: 12230336
4. Mental Health
4.1. NPW and Depression
  • (C. Willemer, K. Krüger, F.C. Mooren, K. Volker, S. Knecht and A. Floel, University of Muenster,Germany, 2008
4.2. Comparing exercise in Parkinson’s disease–the Berlin LSVTBIG study.
  • Ebersbach G, Ebersbach A, Edler D, Kaufhold O, Kusch M, Kupsch A, Wissel J.
  • Mov Disord. 2010 Sep 15;25(12):1902-8.PMID: 20669294
4.3. Nordic walking improves mobility in Parkinson’s disease.
  • van Eijkeren FJ, Reijmers RS, Kleinveld MJ, Minten A, Bruggen JP, Bloem BR.
  • Mov Disord. 2008 Nov 15;23(15):2239-43.PMID: 18816697
4.4. Physical activity of depressed patients and their motivation to exercise: Nordic Walking in family practice.
  • Suija K, Pechter U, Kalda R, T hepµld H, Maaroos J, Maaroos HI.
  • Int J Rehabil Res. 2009 Jun;32(2):132-8.PMID: 19065108
4.5. Effects of exercise on aerobic capacity and fatigue in women with primary Sjogren’s syndrome.
  • Strombeck BE, Theander E, Jacobsson LT.
  • Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 May;46(5):868-71. Epub 2007 Feb 17.PMID: 17308315
4.6. Physiological and perceptual responses to Nordic walking in obese middle-aged women in comparison with the normal walk.
  • Figard-Fabre H, Fabre N, Leonardi A, Schena F.
  • Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Apr;108(6):1141-51. Epub 2009 Dec 20
5. Respiratory
5.1. Nordic Walking improves daily physical activities in COPD: a randomized controlled trial.
  • Breyer MK, Breyer-Kohansal R, Funk GC, Dornhofer N, Spruit MA, Wouters EF, Burghuber OC, Hartl S.
  • Respir Res. 2010 Aug 22;11:112.PMID: 20727209
5.2. Up to 25% more oxygen uptake with Pole Walking than walking without poles
  • (Pocari et al, 1997. Morss et al, 2001. Jordan, 2001)
6. Rehabilitation
6.1 Effects of Walking Poles on Shoulder Function in Breast Cancer Survivors
  • (L. K. Sprod, S.N. Drum, A.T. Bentz, S.D. Carter, C.M. Schneider University of Northern Colorado, Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, Greeley, Colorado, 2005)
6.2. Effects of Nordic Walking training on exercise capacity and fitness in men participating in early, short-term inpatient cardiac rehabilitation after an acute coronary syndrome — a controlled trial.
  • Kocur P, Deskur-Smielecka E, Wilk M, Dylewicz P.
  • Clin Rehabil. 2009 Nov;23(11):995-1004. Epub 2009 Sep 28
6.3. Questions on “Whole body sport kind with drive”. Nordic walking after disk prolapse
  • Bachfischer K, Modersohn-Meyer G, Niederhuber H, Schluter J.
  • MMW Fortschr Med. 2005 Sep 22;147(38):16, 18. German.
6.4. Effect of different walking aids on walking capacity of patients with post stroke hemiparesis.
  • Allet L, Leemann B, Guyen E, Murphy L, Monnin D, Herrmann FR, Schnider A.
  • Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Aug;90(8)
6.5. Sports activity after total hip resurfacing.
  • Banerjee M, Bouillon B, Banerjee C, Bathis H, Lefering R, Nardini M, Schmidt J.
  • Am J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;38(6):1229-36. Epub 2010 Mar 11.PMID
6.6. Nordic walking. Also suitable in rehabilitation
  • Heinz M. Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2003 Jun;17(2):55. German.
7. Pregnancy
7.1. Physical activity in pregnancy and in breast-feeding period in obese mothers
  • Korsten-Reck U. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2010 Jun;214(3):95-102. Epub 2010 Jun 23. German
8. Nordic Pole Walking for Seniors
8.1. Nordic walking: a new form of physical activity in the elderly
  • Turk Z, Vidensek S, Micetic Turk D.
  • Acta Med Croatica. 2007;61 Suppl 1:33-6. Croatian. PMID: 18949923
8.2. Factors predicting dynamic balance and quality of life in home-dwelling elderly women.
  • Karinkanta S, Heinonen A, Sievanen H, Uusi-Rasi K, Kannus P.
  • Gerontology. 2005 Mar-Apr;51(2):116-21.PMID: 15711078
8.3. Influence of NPW on functions important to everyday life for the elderly
  • (Parkatti et al., 2002)
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